Step 1. Drain the cooling sys- tem (see Project 4) and loosen the clips at each end of the hose. Depending on the make of car the clips may be of sprung- wire, of the split-pin variety, or the worm-drive type. They are loosened in different ways.

2. Sprung-wire clips loosen their grip when the ends are carefully squeezed together with pliers. To loosen a split- pin clip, use a small screw- driver in the pin eye-as a tommy bar to unwind it. Screwed-wire clips and worm-drive clips can often be loosened with a screwdriver, but some makers use a hex- agon-headed screw—usually 7mm—and a small box-span- ner or socket is best for these. It is sometimes difficult to re-fit sprung-wire clips and split-pin clips once they are loosened, and they are best replaced by new worm-drive clips.

3. Pull the hose off the stub. A twisting action will usuallyfree it. If it is tight, cut it off—this is better than putting a lot of force on a radiator-hose stub and running the risk of cracking the joint.

4. Use emery cloth to clean dirt or deposits from the hose stub, lightly smear the inside of the hose ends with washing-up liquid, thread on the hose clips and push the hose firmly on the stubs.

5. Position the hose so that it follows its natural curve and is not twisted, then tighten the clips firmly.